摘要：为揭示部分滑水状态下轮胎路面作用机理，采用有限元数值模拟方法，分别建立了17570R15型轮胎模型和水空气复合水膜模型，并基于耦合欧拉拉格朗日法建立了三维充气花纹轮胎滑水数值模型.探讨了水膜厚度和轮胎速度对汽车轮胎受力状态的影响，分析了轮胎所处运动状態对部分滑水过程的影响.计算结果表明：随着水膜厚度的增加，水流竖向托举力增加，纵向附着力减小，轮胎更早地进入完全滑水状态；随着轮胎行驶速度的增加，水流纵向拖拽力大幅增加，同时随着水膜的增厚，这种增加趋势更加明显；回归得到了轮胎受到的水流竖向托举力与水膜厚度和行驶速度的关系式；相比于自由滚动，轮胎处于ABS状态时，更早进入完全滑水状态.
关键词：道路工程；轮胎滑水数值模型；耦合欧拉拉格朗日法；部分滑水；水流竖向托举力
中图分类号：U416.217文献标志码：A
Numerical Simulation of Tire
Partial Hydroplaning on Flooded Pavement
HUANG Xiaoming1， LIU Xiuyu1， CAO Qingqing1， YAN Tianhao1，
ZHU Shengze1， ZHOU Xingling2
（1. School of Transportation， Southeast University， Nanjing210096， China；
2. School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering， Wuhan University of Science and Technology， Wuhan430081， China）
Abstract：To investigate the mechanism of tirepavement partial hydroplaning， finite element numerical method was applied to establish 17570R15 tire model and waterair composite model. Coupled EulerianLagrangian method was applied to establish the threedimensional numerical model of patterned inflation tire hydroplaning. The simulation investigated the influence of water film thickness and tire velocity on the mechanical responses of tire and discussed the impact of tire motion state on the partial hydroplaning process. The results show that， with the thicker water film， the water lifting force increases， while the longitudinal force provided by pavement decreases， which means that the tire enters into the complete hydroplaning earlier. With the increase of tire velocity， the longitudinal water drag force increases， which occurs more obviously when the water film becomes thicker. The relationship between water lifting force and water film thickness and tire velocity is regressed into an equation. It is determined that tire with ABS enters complete hydroplaning earlier than that in free rolling statement.
Key words：pavement engineering； tire hydroplaning numerical model；coupled EulerianLagrangian method；partial hydroplaning； water flow vertical lifting force
汽车行经积水路面，流体在轮胎与路面之间起到润滑和隔离作用，引起轮胎与路面部分脱离，减弱轮胎路面附着性能，造成轮胎制动与转弯性能的下降.当汽车行驶速度到达临界值，动水压力增大至完全托起轮胎，轮胎路面脱离接触，汽车行驶操纵稳定性受到极大干扰.前者为部分滑水现象，后者为完全滑水现象，临界的汽车行驶速度即临界滑水速度.
目前对滑水的研究主要聚焦在完全滑水上，为了求解不同条件下临界滑水速度，并定量分析多种因素对临界滑水速度的影响，国内外学者进行了大量试验研究、解析计算和数值模拟.NASA率先进行光滑轮胎现场滑水试验[1]，并总结得到临界滑水速度和轮胎内压的经典经验公式；在此基础上，Horne[2]、Gengenbach[3]和Gallaway[4]等开展的一系列轮胎滑水试验考虑了轮胎类型、水膜厚度和路面纹理等因素的影响，对公式进行了修正；季天剑等[5]基于弹流润滑理论求解了轿车轮胎动力滑水临界速度；作为轮胎滑水数值模拟工作的代表，Fwa等[6-8]分析了轮胎临界滑水速度和水泥路面刻槽、沥青路面纹理、路面车辙深度之间的关系.
推荐访问： 积水 数值 路面 轮胎 模拟
