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泛素蛋白酶体途径的应用研究进展

时间:2022-04-08 08:24:36 来源:网友投稿

[摘要] 泛素蛋白酶体途径(UPP)是一种依赖ATP进行的,具有高度特异性和选择性的蛋白质降解途径,其在真核细胞中广泛存在,在细胞周期调控、信号转导、抗原提呈、免疫应答等生物学功能中发挥着重要作用。目前已知,该途径与神经退行性变、病毒感染、肿瘤、心血管等方面都有着密切联系,一旦UPP异常,影响α-synuclein、Parkin蛋白功能,就会导致帕金森病的发生。SCF蛋白复合物中Skp2、E3泛素连接酶c-Cbl、泛素结合酶E2C等均与肿瘤的发生发展有关。HCMV病毒等多种病毒都会攻击或利用UPP来逃避免疫攻击。此外,还有许多疾病的发生也均有报道与UPP有关,但目前我们对该体系知之甚少,对此的相关研究也远远不够,还需更多探索。

[关键词] 泛素蛋白酶体途径;神经退行性变;病毒感染;肿瘤;心血管

[中图分类号] R362          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1673-7210(2019)10(b)-0025-06

Research progress of the application of ubiquitin proteasome pathway

DONG Huilin1   NIE Hongming1   MEI Zhaohe2   ZHAO Binbin2   JIANG Yuzi2   CHEN Jianjie1   WANG Lingtai1

1.Department of Hepatology, Shuguang Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai   201203, China; 2.Shuguang Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai   201203, China

[Abstract] The ubiquitin proteasome pathway which is dependent on ATP has a highly specific and selective protein degradation pathway. UPP exists in eukaryotic cells widely, and plays an important role in cell cycle regulation, signal transduction, antigen presentation, immune response and other biological functions. Currently, it is known that this pathway is closely related to neurodegeneration, viral infection, tumor, cardiovascular and other aspects. Once UPP abnormal affects the function of α-synuclein and Parkin protein, it will lead to Parkinson′s disease. Skp2, E3 ubiquitin ligase c-cbl and ubiquitin ligase E2C in the SCF complex protein are all related to the development of tumors. Many viruses, such as the HCMV virus, can attack or use UPP to evade immune attacks. In addition, many diseases have also been reported to be related to UPP, but at present we know very little about the system, and the related research is far from enough, and more exploration is needed.

[Key words] Ubiquitin proteasome pathway; Neurodegenerative disease; Viral infection; Tumor; Cardiovascular disease

机体中蛋白质的降解主要有以下三条途径:溶酶体途径,非溶酶体、非能量依赖性的Ca2+依赖性蛋白酶途径和泛素-蛋白酶体途径(ubiquitin proteasome pathway,UPP)。UPP是一种依赖ATP进行的,具有高度特异性和选择性的蛋白质降解途径,主要负责降解细胞内超过80%的正常或异常蛋白质[1],并在细胞周期调控、信号转导、核酸密码翻译等多种生命过程中发挥重要作用[2]。目前对该体系探索与研究有限,本文就UPP对神经退行性变、肿瘤、病毒感染、心脑血管疾病等方面进行阐述,以期为其后续研究与疾病治疗提供思路。

1 UPP的组成

UPP包括泛素(ubiquitin,Ub)、泛素活化酶(ub-activating enzyme,E1)、泛素结合酶(ub-conjugating enzyme,E2)、泛素连接酶(ub-ligating enzyme,E3)、26S蛋白酶體(26S proteasomes)和去泛素化酶(deubiquitinating enzymes,DUBs)。

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